滴灌条件下积盐范围内混种耐盐草及盐分变化趋势的研究

以pH=7.9的水作为灌溉水源,土壤含水率、土壤密度及滴头流量不同的条件下,对土壤湿润体的变化过程进行试验,确定湿润峰及积盐范围,在积盐范围内混种盐角草和猪毛菜。测定土壤酸碱度及易溶盐离子总量的减少量,并积盐范围内混种的盐角草和猪毛菜与普通土壤中栽培的盐角草和猪毛菜的盐含量进行对比。结果表明,盐角草吸走部分Na＋、Cl...     

DETERMINATION OF T1 RELAXATION TIME OF NORMAL EQUINE TENDONS USING MAGIC ANGLE MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING

Seven isolated equine front limbs were used to establish the normal T1 relaxation time of equine superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT), deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT), and suspensory ligament (SL) using magic angle magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. MR imaging of the metacarpi was performed with the limbs positioned at 55° (the magic angle) relative to the main magnetic field. Transverse spin‐echo proton density and inversion recovery images were acquired. T1 relaxation time was calculated based on ratios of signal intensity determined from the different pulse sequences. T1 relaxation times for SDFT, DDFT, and SL were 288 (±17), 244 (±14), and 349 (±16) ms, respectively. The difference in T1 values between SDFT, DDFT, and SL was statistically significant. T1 values of equine tendons can be determined with magic angle imaging on a clinical MR system using <10 min total scan time. The knowledge of the normal range of T1 values may be useful to identify horses with chronic tendinopathy, where based on the human literature, an increased T1 value may be expected.     

利用OWRK法预测桃叶表面润湿性能的研究

对桃叶表面润湿性能的预测方法进行了研究。应用OWRK法对不同生长期桃叶的近轴面、远轴面的表面自由能及其分量进行了测定。无论近轴叶面还是远轴叶面,随着桃叶生长期的增长,均表现出表面自由能减小,润湿性能变差,极性分量所占比例下降,色散分量所占比例上升等特性。这些变化与前人对于桃叶表皮蜡的蜡质含量、组份含量变化的研究成果相一致。说明用OWRK法测定桃叶表面自由能及其分量所得结果可靠,可以较好地描述桃叶表面的润湿性能和能量特征。     

草莓褐色轮斑病病原鉴定及室内药效研究*

草莓褐色轮斑病近年越来越严重,尤其在草莓育苗阶段。从草莓发病叶片、匍匐茎上分离得到病原菌,对病原菌进行形态特征观察、生物学特性研究、ITS序列分析以及室内药效试验。结果表明：该病原菌为Sphaeronaemella fragariae。该菌菌丝生长最适温度范围是25～28 ℃;适宜pH为6;在供试的几种碳、氮源中,最适的碳源是蔗糖,最适的氮源是酵母浸出液。在供试的9种药剂中,以咪鲜胺1 000倍液对病菌的抑制作用最好。     

森林资源资产评估中多方法验证

为了使森林资源资产评估过程更加科学,评估结果更加客观,通过多种方法计算比较分析验证发现,林业上的传统成本法与其它行业的不一样,未考虑经营合理利润,其评估值只是投资的价值,而不是投资价值。结果表明：森林资源资产评估中的成本法的折现率应该使用项目内部收益率,而不是待业基准收益率,通过这样的修正,使用一套指标,分别运用成本法...     

聚合物基/稻壳粉复合材料的表面改性研究

使用JC2000A型接触角测量仪测试并研究了蒸馏水和甘油两种液体在稻壳粉填充聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)复合材料表面的接触角.研究表明:通过酸碱处理可明显改变接触角及其随时间变化的规律;其中效果最好的是以水作为探测液时,经酸处理后的PE/稻壳粉复合材料.通过方差分析得知表面改性处理方式对接触角有相当显著的影响.     

二冲程醇类混合燃料发动机点火提前角调节系统的研究

通过分析点火提前角对发动机性能的影响,得出使用醇类混合燃料的二冲程发动机需要改进点火系统的结论。将现阶段汽车工业在点火系统上采用的微机控制点火技术加以改进后移植到二冲程发动机上,在原点火系统中加装点火控制单元ECU并将其改造成电控点火系统。改进后的点火系统可对点火提前角进行标定,对发动机在不同转速和工况下的点火提前角进行实时调节,找到发动机在该转速和工况下的理想点火提前角。改进后的二冲程汽油机可进一步改善发动机的动力性、经济性以及排放性能。     

预切种式木薯排种机构设计与试验

针对当前预切种式木薯播种器存在充种效果差、合格指数低的问题，该研究设计了一种由落种滑板、主动辊筒、型孔摩擦带、支撑辊组、从动辊筒及储种箱等组成的预切种式木薯型孔摩擦带式精密排种机构。阐述了排种机构的基本结构和工作原理。对关键部件参数进行设计，通过理论分析确定影响排种机构充种性能的主要因素为型孔摩擦带型孔形状、型孔数量、型孔摩擦带安装倾角、型孔摩擦带速度以及种茎层厚度。基于离散元法（discrete element method,DEM）建立种茎群-型孔摩擦带仿真模型，通过单因素仿真分析各因素对充种性能及种茎群规律的影响。以充种合格指数和漏充指数为评价指标，通过二次回归正交旋转组合仿真分析确定最优参数，利用Design-Expert数据软件，建立各试验因素与评价指标的数学回归模型，并进行参数优化。结果表明，影响充种合格指数和漏充指数的因素主次顺序为型孔摩擦带速度、型孔摩擦带安装倾角和种茎层厚度，圆整后的最优参数为型孔摩擦带速度0.6 m/s、型孔摩擦带安装倾角45°，种茎层厚度250 mm，此时的模型预测充种合格指数为94.63%，漏充指数为3.42%，重充指数为1.95%。在最优参数下...     

Effects of rake angle of chisel plough on soil cutting factors and power requirements: A computer simulation

A computer simulation was conducted to predict the effects of rake angle of a chisel plough and soil bulk density on angle of soil failure plane, rupture distance, width of side crescent, frictional, overburden, cohesion and adhesion soil cutting factors, draft forces and drawbar power requirements. The experimental work was carried out in two locations. Soil of the first location was sandy clay with the soil bulk densities of 1.75 and 1.70 g/cm³ for firm and loose soil conditions, respectively, with an angle of internal friction of 30° and a surface friction angle of 20°, cohesion of 2.5 kN/m² and adhesion of 1.2 kN/m². Soil of the second location was clay loam with the soil bulk densities of 1.65 and 1.50 g/cm³ for firm and loose soil conditions, respectively, with an angle of internal friction of 34° and a surface friction angle of 23°, cohesion of 2.4 kN/m² and adhesion of 1.14 kN/m². The prediction showed that the angle of failure plane found to decrease with the rake angle. The rupture distance decreased with the rake angle from 15° to 55° and then increased as the rake angle increased over 55°. The width of the side crescent increased as the rake angle increased and the maximum value and the minimum value were recorded at 75° and at 15°. Values of frictional and overburden factors decreased as rake angle increased. The maximum and minimum values were recorded at 15° and 75°, respectively. The values of cohesion factor increased as rake angle increased. The maximum value was recorded at rake angle of 75° and the minimum value was recorded at rake angle of 15°. Adhesion factor was found to change inversely with the rake angle from 15° to 55° and then to change directly with the rake angle over 55°. The draft force decreased with the rake angle and reached its minimum value at 45° rake angle. Over 45°, the draft force increased and reached its maximum value at 75° rake angle. The draft increased with soil bulk density. The power required for moving the plough recorded the maximum value at rake angle of 15°, while the minimum value was recorded at 55° rake angle. The values of power increased with decrease of soil bulk density. The predicted values demonstrated some deviations from the experimental values of the draft force and the drawbar power.     

K高效和K低效基因型水稻Na和K的吸收和分布与水稻生长及体内K利用率之间的关系

A pot experiment with two rice (Oriza sativa L.) genotypes differing in internal potassium use efficiency (IKUE) was conducted under different sodium (Na) and potassium (K) levels. Adding NaCl at a proper level enhanced rice vegetative growth and increased grain yield and IKUE under low potassium. Addition of higher rate of NaCl had a negative effect on the growth of the K-efficient rice genotype, but did not for the K-inefficient genotype. Under low-K stress, higher NaCl decreased IKUE of the K-efficient rice genotype but increased IKUE for the K-inefficient genotype. At tillering stage and under low-K stress, adding NaCl increased K and Na contents and decreased the ratio of K/Na for both genotypes. At harvesting stage under low-K stress, adding NaCl increased K and Na contents and K/Na ratio for the K-efficient genotype but decreased the K/Na ratio for the K-inefficient genotype. The accumulated Na was mostly deposited in the roots and sheaths. At tillering stage, the K and Na contents and the K/Na ratios in different parts for both genotypes decreased in the following sequence: K⁺ in sheaths > K⁺ in blades > K⁺ in roots; Na⁺ in roots > Na⁺ in sheaths > Na⁺ in blades; and K/Na in sheaths >> K/Na in roots. The K-efficient genotype had a lower K/Na ratio in roots and sheaths than the K-inefficient genotype under low-K stress. At harvesting stage, K and Na contents in grains were not affected, whereas K/Na ratio in the rice straws was increased for the K-efficient genotype but decreased for the K-inefficient genotype by Na addition. However, this was not the case under K sufficient condition.